Biology

In a debate with Dr. Dan Stern Cardinale entitled Common Design or Common Descent? streamed on January 18, 2025, 1 when asked to provide an experiment that supports macroevolution, Cardinale stated that

It’s not an experiment, but it is a direct observation in nature; we have lizard populations that are right now in progress converting from laying eggs to giving live birth. That’s macroevolution by anyone’s standards. (1:44:35).

Image

Laparoscopic examination of the human abdominal cavity represents a dramatic advance of modern medicine. It is a routine diagnostic procedure used by physicians around the world. How did laparoscopy develop and why is it so valuable? This article will explore both the advancement and practical applications of this remarkable surgical tool.

Laparoscopy is the viewing of intra-abdominal organs via a small abdominal incision utilizing a special viewing scope. This is typically done under an anesthetic. The use of small cameras provides extensive visualization of the abdominal organs, which can also be observed by the assistant staff on television screens. Additional instruments can be placed using similar small incisions to allow various surgical procedures to be accomplished. Surgical procedures that once required a major abdominal incision in the past can now be done laparoscopically via tiny incisions. Laparoscopy has also allowed us to peer into the amazingly coordinated, interconnected, and interdependent anatomy of the abdominal organs. This highly complicated but well-organized and well-functioning system reflects the mind of its creator.

• 1O’Neill K (2024 Apr 16) The peritoneum. In Teach Me Anatomy [Internet] https://teachmeanatomy.info/abdomen/areas/peritoneum/ Accessed 2024 Dec 13
• 2MedlinePlus [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US); [updated 2020 Jun 24]. Abdominal exploration — series — Normal anatomy [updated 2024 Mar 31] https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100049_1.htm Accessed 202 Dec 13

Introduction

The question presents itself: why do we need to breathe? We are well aware that breathing comes easily to each of us, both awake and asleep! Of course, there is a sudden alarm when we can’t breathe, as our life depends on it. Why is that?

Our body is a highly complicated machine that requires a considerable amount of energy to maintain and repair itself. We need energy to conduct daily activities such as walking, talking, thinking, climbing, sitting, and breathing. Where does this energy come from?

Routine conversations among individuals often include health issues such as weight loss, smoking, alcohol, and blood pressure to name a few. Seldom do we discuss the function or importance of the human pancreas. Most individuals are familiar with organs such as heart, lung, kidneys, brain, etc., but the pancreas is a mystery to many. Disorders of the pancreas can give rise to well-known conditions such as diabetes mellitus, malnutrition, severe inflammation of the abdomen, and life-threatening malignancies. For example, failure of the pancreas to secrete sufficient insulin into the blood stream causes diabetes mellitus.